ABSTRACT
Oxytropis glabra DC. is a plant with enormous therapeutic vitality. In the present study a comparison of lipophilic profiling of different parts of O. glabra has been carried out by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 32 compounds have been identified from this plant, amongst which 31 have been identified for the first time. These compounds have been further confirmed from their Van den Dool and Kratz [I] Indices. Out of these 32 compounds, 18 have been identified from flower [80.94%], 15 from fruit [85.36%], 11 from leaves [66.35%] and 11 from root [45.96%]. The major class of metabolite identified from different parts is fatty acid. Hydrocarbons have also been detected in flower and fruit but not in root and leaves. The extracts were screened for their immunomodulatory activity on whole blood cells. The root oil was found to be moderately active [IC50 32.3 micro g/ml]. At present only limited data is available on the phytochemical composition of O. glabra
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted with the aim to determine the pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence of diclofenac potassium 50 mg test [F4] tablet formulation with reference product [Caflam]. Present study was single dose, randomized, two phase cross over design, conducted in 12 healthy Pakistani volunteers and planned in accordance with FDA guidelines. In this study a simple, selective, sensitive and reproducible HPLC procedure was developed and validated for the estimation of diclofenac potassium in plasma. The process was validated in the range of 50 - 0.05 [micro]g.mL-1 and used in bioequivalence trial of two products. Multiple blood samples were collected at various time points [0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 hr after treating volunteers with test [F4] and marketed reference brand. Plasma separation and deproteination were carried out with acetonitrile; samples [20[micro]L] were injected using the validated HPLC method. Various pharmacokinetic parameters [compartmental and noncompartmental] were estimated using KineticaTM 4.4.1 [Thermo Electron Corp. USA]. Bioequivalence among the products was established by calculating the 90% CI with log and non log transformed data for C[maxcalc], T[maxcalc], AUC[0-[infinity]], AUC[tot] and AUC[last] using two way ANOVA and Schirmann's Two one sided t- test. No significant difference was found between log and non-log data. The 90% confidence interval values using log transformed data for AUC[0-[infinity]] [0.997-1.024], AUC[tot] [1.004-1.031], AUC[last] [0.997 - 1.024], C[maxcalc] [0.994-1.007] and T[maxcalc] [0.996-1.013] for the trial and reference products were found within the FDA acceptable limits of 0.8-1.25. Results were further verified by the Schirmann's one-sided t test. Results showed the bioequivalence of test and reference formulations. Both the products were well tolerated
ABSTRACT
Reproductive health implies that people are able to have a responsible, satisfying and safer sex life and that they have the capability to reproduce and the freedom to decide if, when and how often to do so. The purpose of the study was to explore the attitudes of adults of different communities towards reproductive health education in Dera Ismail Khan. The population of the study consisted of adult residents of different communities in Dera Ismail Khan. The sample of the study consisted of 100 adults selected through convenience sampling. A Questionnaire was used for data collection. The data show that the attitude of adult residents of different communities was positive towards reproductive health education in Dera Ismail Khan. However, demographic variables do not seem to influence the attitudes of respondent's towards reproductive health education
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Attitude , Rural Population , Urban Population , Safe Sex , Adult , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
A simple reversed phase HPLC method was developed for the quantitative determination of gatifloxacin [GTX] in the bulk material, pharmaceutical formulations and human serum using Mediterranea C18 [25 x 0.46mm, 5?m] column. The mobile phase, acetonitrile, methanol and water [40:40:20 v/v pH 2.7 adjusted by phosphoric acid], was delivered at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The eluent was monitored using spectrophotometric detection at 286 nm. The method is specific to GTX and able to resolve the drug peak from formulation excipients and metal impurities. The method is accurate [99.18-101.87%], precise [intra-day variation 0.14-1.67% and inter-day variation 0.32-1.80%] and linear within the range 0.1-25?g/ml [R2=0.999] concentration and was successfully used in monitoring left over drug in drug-metal complexes. The detection limit of GTX at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 was 1.73 ng/ml in human plasma while quantification limit in human serum was 5.77 ng/ml. The proposed method is applicable to routine analysis of GTX in pharmaceutical formulations as well as in human plasma samples